A Great Wagon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Great Wagon - Essay Example The description ‘the beauty we love be what we do’ explains the extent to which the speaker may defy every ordeal and obstacles to satisfy the emotional desires. Explicitly, wrongdoing or right doing is of less concern to the speaker until the emotions furnished with gratification of the soul. Apparently, the speaker points the lover to be spiritual or sexual. Ideally, the speaker expresses sexual desires to the lover, though in a controllable limits. This the speaker expresses by warranting flexible terms that are not bound to any disagreements to the line ‘if you do not come, these do not matter’. The comparison of the speaker to Solomon, are invariably similar where he points the body of the world to be the soul, and it is this that depicts desire to be above worldly or heavenly-it stretches beyond limits (john). The phrase ‘do not go back to sleep’ symbolises the attention that lovers need to accord one another throughout the love

Boys Literacy Essay Example for Free

Boys Literacy Essay Boys are seen as in trouble, says Smith. But while the common assumption is that boys reject literacy because they see it as feminized, Smiths research points in another direction. The boys participating in his study, he maintains, rejected certain literate activities not because they were for girls but, rather, because they were schoolish. In our research, we looked outside of school to see what boys were reading and writing about, Smith says. What we found, essentially, was that boys read that they in fact value literacy but most of them dont read or write in ways that schools recognize. The authors worked closely with 49 middle- and high-school boys at four sites in three states, including New Jersey. The boys school environments ranged from an urban high school to a private, all-boys prep school. Participants kept journals detailing not only how they spent their time in the classroom, but also how they applied literacy skills to activities outside the classroom. In addition, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with the boys several times during the course of the study. Many study participants expressed a pronounced dislike for literacy-related classroom activities. But in their passionate descriptions of extracurricular interests such as sports or movies Smith and Wilhelm found the boys were engaged in an abundance of reading-based activities. This contrast between school reading and life reading led the researchers to conclude that boys are motivated to excel inliteracy-related areas when they feel competent in them, understand their purpose or see a connection to their social environment. If that passion could be tapped, the authors write, school would be revolutionized. Perhaps no boy illustrated this point to Smith as poignantly as a functionally illiterate teen-ager, who had difficulty in school but nevertheless subscribed to several automotive magazines. I knew he couldnt read and wondered why he wanted to subscribe to a magazine, Smith relates. He said he likes to look at the pictures and, if something seems important enough to be read, hell ask someone to read it to him. Another boy, an avid wrestling fan, eagerly absorbed facts and trivia about wrestling and took the trouble to document more than 600 wrestling moves in a notebook to share with his friends. To call that kid alienated from literacy would be wrong, says Smith. Its not only literate behavior, but schoolish behavior, although not in a context that school allows. The materials that many boys might actually enjoy mystery stories, novels of suspense, song lyrics, or Web sites and magazines about hobbies or sports are not valued in the traditional classroom, says Smith. In their place are texts selected by teachers that might not appeal or be accessible to every student. Lots of teachers like Lord of the Flies, for example, because it lets them teach about symbolism in a nuanced teacherly way, Smith notes. Theres nothing wrong with that approach to teaching, but we have to recognize that some boys many boys wont feel particularly competent about their abilities in that environment. We argue that, yes, boys need to be taught how to do that kind of literary reading, but that theyll be more motivated to do so if the reading is done purposefully for example, in the context of pursuing an answer to an authentic question. Smith and Wilhelms research also casts suspicion on the persistent myth that boys and men favor fast-paced action over character-driven stories. We asked boys to respond to four different stories, which differed in terms of the gender of the narrator and the relative emphasis on action versus character development, says Smith. The story that provoked the most response from the boys centered on the family conflicts experienced by a female narrator. Some boys rejected the story, but many more were engaged by the issues it raised about family relationships. Thats something we never would have guessed, Smith adds. We put that story in there to give the boys a chance to reject it, and they didnt. The study also calls into question another gender-based myth, which posits that adolescent and teen-age boys are less social than girls, a finding that the researchers believe should inform curriculum development in the future. Our study challenged conventional wisdom that boys at this age are alienated and unemotional, says Smith. All of the boys in our study had intense friendship circles. We found sustained relationships and strong social engagement. Smith hopes his and Wilhelms groundbreaking research on boys literacy will lead to some changes in the approach to literacy instruction in the classroom. He sees this as especially critical in the upper grades, where boys are given fewer choices in their assigned reading materials and writing assignments. In secondary school, theres a shift from teaching how to read to reading canonical texts, Smith points out. Choice goes out the window, and difficulty increases. Why in high school does it always have to be hard literature? Why does it alwayshave to be teacher-chosen? he questions. We need to work in choice in the classroom. The alternative, Smiths research suggests, will continue leaving boys stranded in the classroom, much like the young island castaways left to fend for themselves in Lord of the Flies. What is it about Harry Potter? Parents, teachers and other adults who hope to inspire young readers to develop a lifelong appreciation for reading and literacy may wonder what it is that accounts for the phenomenal success of the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling, which have inspired even those youngsters who previously had no interest in literature. Associate Professor Michael W. Smith believes that his research on boys andliteracy provides some answers. In our study, we found that the boys like sustained relationships with authors and characters, says Smith. That may explain why some young readers find it so difficult to wait for the next Harry Potter book to come out. For them, its like not being able to see a good friend for a whole year or more. Smith explains that serialized books help young readers develop an appreciation for literature because these books create a familiar world that the reader returns to in book after book. Smith uses the term scaffolding to describe this concept. Once youve imagined a world, you dont have to re-imagine it, explains Smith. The boys in our study didnt like to read stories if they had difficulty imagining the worlds the books created. For similar reasons, sometimes young readers are more engaged in reading a book that has been made into a movie after viewing the film instead of before, Smith says. Another reason Harry Potter is so popular is because its storylines are exportable in conversation, which, to the minds of the young men in his study, adds practical and social value to reading the books, says Smith. Like reading box scores or sports tidbits in the newspaper, there are cool parts of Harry Potter that are easily reducible for conversation, Smith says. A more complicated piece of literature is harder to bring into everyday conversation.

The Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuels :: Environment Ecology Ecological Essays

The Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuels The situation is scary, but real. The very resources that the world relies upon for energy are also helping to destroy the world. Fossil fuels, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, all include some very serious environmental concerns with their essential energy usage abilities. All stages of fossil fuel use have a severe impact upon the environment, from recovery to storage and end use. Thankfully, important legislation has been put together to help to reduce and control the havoc caused by fossil fuels on the environment. But, with the enormous need for fossil fuels, it is impossible to prevent all environmental problems, especially when they are a part of each stage of usage. In recovery of fossil fuels, such as coal mining, top soil is destroyed, acidic water run-off causes orange creeks, and land subsidence occurs.[1] Petroleum drilling is a danger on land or off-shore due to gushers and accidents that are harmful to the environment. Transporting fossil fuels is also a problem, especially with petroleum, with accidents and even routine operations polluting the seas. Preparation and refining of the fossil fuels can lead to refuse or â€Å"sludge† finding a way out of coal cleaning plants, and air and water are often spoiled from petroleum refining. Gasoline leaks are always a risk during storage of petroleum, but end use might be the most disastrous of the stages. End use produces pollutants from combustion, such as sulfur and nitrogen oxide (SOX and NOX), particulate matter (ROX), and carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC).[2] These pollutants, either separately or in combination with one another, are responsible for smo g in the ozone, acid rain, and The Greenhouse Effect. In 1994, transportation was the major source of carbon monoxide emissions (77%), nitrogen oxide emissions (46%), and lead (32%). [3] A combination of sulfur and nitrogen causes acid rain which, in 1952, caused 12,000 deaths and many ill in London, England.[4] All fossil fuels being burned produce carbon dioxide, a leading cause of the Greenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse Effect is the idea that incoming solar radiation readily penetrates the glass coverings of an ordinary greenhouse, but the outgoing infrared radiation from the interior does not.

Noél - French Essay :: French Essay

Noà ©l - French Essay NoÃÆ' «l est une fÃÆ' ªte grande pour les chrÃÆ' ©tiens mais beaucoup des personnes tout la monde aussi cÃÆ' ©lÃÆ' ¨bre NoÃÆ' «l. Je suis Hindu mais j'ai cÃÆ' ©lÃÆ' ¨bre NoÃÆ' «l parce que c'est une fÃÆ' ªte qui est agrÃÆ' ©able. J'ai cÃÆ' ©lÃÆ' ¨bre NoÃÆ' «l avec ma mÃÆ' ¨re, mon pÃÆ' ¨re et mon petit sÃ…â€Å"ur cette annÃÆ' ©e. NoÃÆ' «l est une fÃÆ' ªte grande pour les chrÃÆ' ©tiens parce que c'est l'anniversaire du JÃÆ' ©sus Christ. Cette annÃÆ' ©e, pendent la saison de NoÃÆ' «l, j'ai achetÃÆ' © un calendrier d'advient. Je compte les jours le NoÃÆ' «l avec le calendrier d'advient. J'achÃÆ' ¨te beaucoup de cardes de NoÃÆ' «l et cadeaux pour mes amis et ma famille. Nous mettons le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l dans le dÃÆ' ©cembre cette annÃÆ' ©e. On a un sapin qui est sept pieds longs et je dÃÆ' ©core le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l avec des lumiÃÆ' ¨res. Je dÃÆ' ©core ma maison aussi avec les multicolores lumiÃÆ' ¨res. Sous le sapin je mets les cadeaux que je reÃÆ' §ois de mes amis et les cadeaux que je donnerai pour ma famille. Je prends les cartes que je reÃÆ' §ois dans ma maison. Moi, je suis hindu et je ne vais pas ÃÆ'   l'ÃÆ' ©glise. Normalement le jour de NoÃÆ' «l, je me rÃÆ' ©veille trÃÆ' ¨s tÃÆ' ´t vers sept heures et demie. J'ai descendu pour la cuisine aller au salon et j'ai ouvre mes cadeaux que j'ai reÃÆ' §u devant le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l. Plus tard, aprÃÆ' ¨s mon petit dÃÆ' ©jeuner, je prÃÆ' ©pare la nourriture dans la cuisine avec ma mÃÆ' ¨re. D'habitude, je suis restÃÆ' © ÃÆ'   la maison et fait la cuisine avec ma mÃÆ' ¨re. Pour les grands repas, ma mÃÆ' ¨re prÃÆ' ©pare boulet rÃÆ' ´tir avec des choux les Brussel et pomme de terre. Normalement je prÃÆ' ©pare les carottes et un grand chocolat gÃÆ' ¢teau. J'achÃÆ' ¨te une hacher tartes pour ma famille et j'invite mes amis et mes cousines pour des grands repas et nous faisons un boom. A mon avis j'adore NoÃÆ' «l parce que c'est chouette et amusant. J'aime mette le sapin de NoÃÆ' «l et allumer des bougies. J'ai adore faire du shopping pour les cadeaux pour mes amis. Aussi j'aime les que j'ai

Jeannette Winterson Weight

In Jeanette Winterson’s novel Weight, the author demonstrates how myths have modern personal relevancies and can encourage each reader to investigate the three main subject matters in their lives; boundaries, freedom, and guilt. The numerous references to walls throughout the novel signify the boundaries, which make Atlas strive for freedom. Winterson’s Weight, is a modern rewrite on an old myth of Atlas and Heracles, and the challenges they endure can be interpreted by individual readers for personal relevancies.Atlas, a father of daughters, is faced with the burden of carrying the world on his shoulders. This can represent a feeling as if one is carrying a world of stress and guilt on one’s shoulders and conscience. Heracles, the stronger of the two, takes the weight of the world from Atlas momentarily and struggles to carry the burden when he sends Atlas to pick three golden apples from the Garden of Hesperides. For example, boundaries are represented by walls throughout Winterson’s novel, not just the physical structures but also any other representation of a boundary.Winterson conceives the body itself as a boundary, in the sense that the skin stands between a human and everything else and although Atlas feels trapped in his own body, he escapes into his own mind to ponder the philosophies of boundaries and the universe. Winterson writes, â€Å"At last I began to hear something, I found that where the world was close to my ears, I could hear everything. I could hear conversation, parrots squawking, donkeys braying. I heard the rushing of underground rivers and the crackles of fires lighted.Each sound became a meaning and soon I began to de-code the world. †¦ As the dinosaurs crawl through my hair and volcanic eruptions pock my face, I find I am become a part of what I must bear. There is no longer Atlas and the world; there is only the World Atlas. Travel me and I am continents. I am the journey you must make. † (p. 24). This can represent feeling stuck within self, feeling trapped and almost tortured to find freedom. Although boundaries are a very strong representation within the novel, there is a connection between the walls and the freedom of nothingness.Atlas constantly is escaping into the limitless of his imagination, where he is not punished for wanting the forbidden. The Gods hoped that by punishing Atlas to be trapped in his body under the weight of the world that they would contain his mind, and they were mistaken. This can be interpreted as the strength and perseverance from within an individual. The wall that Atlas builds around the Garden of Hesperides is constructed in such a way that it explains freedom and nothingness that can sometimes be unappreciated.Winterson writes, â€Å"I built a walled garden, a temenos, a sacred space. I lifted the huge stones with my own hands and piled them carefully, as a goatherd would, leaving tiny gaps to let the wind through. A solid wall is eas ily collapsed. My mother stirring in her sleep could do as much. A wall well built with invisible spaces will allow the winds that rage against it to pass through. When the earth underneath it trembles, the spaces make room for movement and settlement. The wall stands. The wall’s strength is not in the stones but in the spaces between the stones.It’s a joke against me I think, that for all my strength and labour, the wall relies on nothing . Write it more substantially – NOTHING. † (p. 16). On the contrary, carrying the world doesn’t only make one feel trapped, it also feels as if one is carrying stress and guilt on their conscience, which feels as heavy as the world on one’s shoulders. Heracles is a representation of this when he sends Atlas to pick the golden apples from the Garden of Hesperides, and takes the weight of the world while Atlas travels.Heracles suffers while holding up the world. She writes â€Å"Meanwhile, Heracles was not h appy. The world was much heavier than he had guessed. His strength lay in action not in endurance. He liked a short sharp fight, a good dinner and sleep. His body was as strong as Atlas’s, but his nature was not. Hera was right about him there. Heracles’s strength was a cover for his weakness. † (p. 58). While Heracles is holding up the weight of the world, he begins to think of murdering his own children, and all the brutal sexual abuse he has committed on women.This is a very strong moment for readers. When one uses their strength to such exhaustion, physically and emotionally, they tend to think about the wrong doings, and stress within their life and can no longer cope. Winterson shows this by writing, â€Å"Heracles was more afraid now than he had been in his whole life. He could accept any challenge except the challenge of no challenge. He knew himself through combat. He defined himself by opposition. When he fought, he could feel his muscles work, and the blood pumping through his body.Now he felt nothing but the weight of the world Atlas was right, it was too heavy for him. He couldn’t bear it. He couldn’t bear this slowing turning solitude. † (p. 71). In conclusion, humans need both freedom and boundaries. One may think they want freedom and despise boundaries, but to have no limitations and have complete freedom can actually be a burden itself. Humans need the weight of boundaries to keep from drifting away from reality. For Jeanette Winterson, weight can be equated with retelling a myth.The â€Å"I want to tell the story again† theme applies as Winterson writes about how you can tell a story numerous times, but need to stay within the boundaries of the original. For others, this novel may open up a new way of thinking, and coping with personal challenges one can face in modern day. Jeanette Winterson’s Weight is an authentic retelling of a classic myth, including the use of science facts and per sonal relevancies. Between the limitations, liberty, and culpability that the two main characters face, each reader can interpret each section inversely. Reference Winterson, J. (2006). Weight (2005). Toronto: Vintage Canada.

Free Essays on Davids Mother

After watching David’s Mother, I believe I now have a more knowledgeable and empathetic perspective of how parents of children with special needs manage their lives. David’s Mother sheds light onto the easily-neglected world of the parent of a child with special needs, and seeing the parental issues involved. Viewing how Sally dealt with the widespread issues that evolve from raising and caring for such a child, really made me wonder whom we should pity. The child, or his/her helpless parent? (Besides for the fact that pity is not the appropriate emotion to express towards these children anyway.) Let’s face it. Sally has it pretty tough. Can you really blame her for getting too immersed in her son’s situation? How would any one of us cope with such a severe prognosis? She loved her son David with all of her heart, down to the core. Who can limit a mother’s love for her child? On the other hand, there is a famous quote, â€Å"The road to Hel l is paved with good intentions.† Although I’m positive that Sally intended only the best for David, that doesn’t mean that she wasn’t completely wrong when it came to knowing what proper care dictates. Sally acted as any mother would, the nurture and compassion that she displayed are innate instincts that even animals possess. Although I was a bit surprised at some of her apparent callousness towards her son at times, it was obvious that she loved him so much, that in her own eyes she wasn’t callous at all. She would sometimes get upset at him for ignoring her, did she really expect him to answer? No, that was just the relationship that they shared; she spoke, and she answered for him. Think what you may, but surely no one has a deeper affection for David than his own mother. After watching this film, I believe that parents have a special connection with their children, especially those with special needs. There is some type of understanding that exists, although it ... Free Essays on David's Mother Free Essays on David's Mother After watching David’s Mother, I believe I now have a more knowledgeable and empathetic perspective of how parents of children with special needs manage their lives. David’s Mother sheds light onto the easily-neglected world of the parent of a child with special needs, and seeing the parental issues involved. Viewing how Sally dealt with the widespread issues that evolve from raising and caring for such a child, really made me wonder whom we should pity. The child, or his/her helpless parent? (Besides for the fact that pity is not the appropriate emotion to express towards these children anyway.) Let’s face it. Sally has it pretty tough. Can you really blame her for getting too immersed in her son’s situation? How would any one of us cope with such a severe prognosis? She loved her son David with all of her heart, down to the core. Who can limit a mother’s love for her child? On the other hand, there is a famous quote, â€Å"The road to Hel l is paved with good intentions.† Although I’m positive that Sally intended only the best for David, that doesn’t mean that she wasn’t completely wrong when it came to knowing what proper care dictates. Sally acted as any mother would, the nurture and compassion that she displayed are innate instincts that even animals possess. Although I was a bit surprised at some of her apparent callousness towards her son at times, it was obvious that she loved him so much, that in her own eyes she wasn’t callous at all. She would sometimes get upset at him for ignoring her, did she really expect him to answer? No, that was just the relationship that they shared; she spoke, and she answered for him. Think what you may, but surely no one has a deeper affection for David than his own mother. After watching this film, I believe that parents have a special connection with their children, especially those with special needs. There is some type of understanding that exists, although it ...

Free Essays on Commissions

Commissions Introduction: Intermediaries are often used by airlines, theme parks, restaurants, hotels, etc. because they make the suppliers’ services available to large numbers of potential customers in a cost-effective way. Among some of the functions performed by intermediaries, or travel agents, are providing information about the types and availability of service offerings, contacting current and potential customers, making reservations and other travel arrangements, assembling services to meet customer needs, and preparing tickets. The expenses incurred through using intermediaries occur in the form of commissions and arise when the service has been sold or used. The supplier then pays the intermediary this commission on each ticket sold or reservation used. The commission is based on the level of sales, which is referred to as â€Å"bookings.† In few cases, the consumer may pay a small service fee, but for the most part the commission is paid by the supplier (Cook, 54). Relevance to travel industry: In many sales jobs, commission is vital not only to the employee receiving it, but also to the business for which the employee works. The employee obviously benefits because the harder they work, the more likely they will be to make a sale and receive a commission. The employer benefits because commission is more of an incentive for an employee to work harder and make sales, and thus the employer makes more money also. The consumer, however, does not benefit as much because the sales person is, often times, looking at the consumer as a number or a dollar figure instead of as a person with specific wants. The sales person is more likely to push something onto the consumer even if they do not want to purchase it in their own self-interest. When the traveler books a tour vacation, which is with a large group of people, the traveler has options to participate in activities that are not on the itinerary. If they ch... Free Essays on Commissions Free Essays on Commissions Commissions Introduction: Intermediaries are often used by airlines, theme parks, restaurants, hotels, etc. because they make the suppliers’ services available to large numbers of potential customers in a cost-effective way. Among some of the functions performed by intermediaries, or travel agents, are providing information about the types and availability of service offerings, contacting current and potential customers, making reservations and other travel arrangements, assembling services to meet customer needs, and preparing tickets. The expenses incurred through using intermediaries occur in the form of commissions and arise when the service has been sold or used. The supplier then pays the intermediary this commission on each ticket sold or reservation used. The commission is based on the level of sales, which is referred to as â€Å"bookings.† In few cases, the consumer may pay a small service fee, but for the most part the commission is paid by the supplier (Cook, 54). Relevance to travel industry: In many sales jobs, commission is vital not only to the employee receiving it, but also to the business for which the employee works. The employee obviously benefits because the harder they work, the more likely they will be to make a sale and receive a commission. The employer benefits because commission is more of an incentive for an employee to work harder and make sales, and thus the employer makes more money also. The consumer, however, does not benefit as much because the sales person is, often times, looking at the consumer as a number or a dollar figure instead of as a person with specific wants. The sales person is more likely to push something onto the consumer even if they do not want to purchase it in their own self-interest. When the traveler books a tour vacation, which is with a large group of people, the traveler has options to participate in activities that are not on the itinerary. If they ch...

The Wild History of Roller Skates

The Wild History of Roller Skates An overview of the evolution of dry land skating aka roller skates. Early 1700s - Skeelers In Holland, an unknown Dutchman decided to go ice skating in the summer, ice skating was the widespread method used in the Netherlands to travel the numerous frozen canals in winter. The unknown inventor accomplished dry land skating by nailing wooden spools to strips of wood and attaching them to his shoes. Skeelers was the nickname given to the new dry-land skaters. 1760 - Crashing the Masquerade Party A London instrument maker and inventor, Joseph Merlin, attended a masquerade party wearing one of his new inventions, metal-wheeled boots. Joseph desiring to make a grand entrance added the pizzazz of rolling in while playing the violin. Lining the huge ballroom was a very expensive wall-length mirror. The fiddling skater stood no chance and Merlin crashed solidly into the mirrored wall, as his roller skates crashed into society. 1818 - Roller Ballet In Berlin, roller skates made a more graceful entrance into society, with the premier of the German ballet Der Maler oder die Wintervergn Ugungen (The Artist or Winter Pleasures). The ballet called for ice-skating but because it was impossible at that time to produce ice on a stage, roller skates substituted. 1819 - First Patent In France, the first patent for a roller skate issued to a Monsieur Petibledin. The skate was made of a wood sole that attached to the bottom of a boot, fitted with two to four rollers made of copper, wood or ivory, and arranged in a straight single line. 1823 - The Rolito Robert John Tyers of London patented a skate called the Rolito with five wheels in a single row on the bottom of a shoe or boot. The Rolito was unable to follow a curved path, unlike the in-line skates of today. 1840 - Barmaids on Wheels In a beer tavern known as Corse Halle, near Berlin, barmaids on roller skates served thirsty patrons. This was a practical decision, given the size of beer halls in Germany, which gave dry land skating a publicity boost. 1857 - Public Rinks Huge public rinks opened in the Floral Hall and in the Strand of London. 1863 - Inventor James Plimpton American, James Plimpton found a way to make a very useable pair of skates. Plimptons skates had two parallel sets of wheels, one pair under the ball of the foot and the other pair under the heel. The four wheels were made of boxwood and worked on rubber springs. Plimptons design was the first dry-land skate that could maneuver in a smooth curve. This considered the birth of the modern four-wheeled roller skates, which allowed for turns and the ability to skate backwards. 1884 - Pin Ball-Bearing Wheels The invention of pin ball-bearing wheels made rolling easier and skates lighter. 1902 - The Coliseum The Coliseum in Chicago opened a public skating rink. Over 7,000 people attended the opening night. 1908 - Madison Square Gardens Madison Square Gardens in New York became a skating rink. Hundreds of rink openings in the United States and Europe followed. The sport was becoming very popular and various versions of the roller skating developed: recreational skating on indoor and outdoor rinks, polo skating, ballroom roller dancing and competitive speed skating. 1960s - Plastics Technology (with the advent of new plastics) helped the wheel truly come of age with new designs. 70s 80s - Disco A second big skating boom occurred with the marriage of disco and roller-skating. Over 4,000 roller-discos were in operation and Hollywood began making roller-movies. 1979 - Redesigning Roller Skates Scott Olson and Brennan Olson, brothers and  hockey  players who lived in Minneapolis, Minnesota, found an antique pair of roller skates. It was one of the early  skates  that used the in-line wheels rather than the four-wheeled parallel design of George Plimpton. Intrigued by the in-line design, the brothers began redesigning roller skates, taking design elements from the found skates and using modern materials. They used  polyurethane  wheels, attached the skates to ice hockey boots, and added a rubber toe-brake to their new design. 1983 - Rollerblade Inc Scott Olson founded Rollerblade Inc and  the term rollerblading  meant the sport of in-line skating because Rollerblade Inc was the only manufacturer of in-line skates for a long time. The first mass-produced rollerblades, while innovative had some design flaws: they were difficult to put on and adjust, prone to collecting dirt and moisture in the ball-bearings, the wheels were easily damaged and the brakes came from the old roller skate toe-brake and were not very effective. Rollerblade Inc Sold The Olson brothers sold Rollerblade Inc and the new owners had the money to really improve the design. The first massively successful Rollerblade skate was the Lightning TRS. In this pair of  skates  the flaws had vanished, fiberglass was used to produce the frames, the wheels were better protected, the skates were easier to put on and adjust and stronger brakes were placed at the rear. With the success of the Lightning TRS, other in-line skate companies appeared: Ultra Wheels, Oxygen,  K2  and others. 1989 - Macro and Aeroblades Models Rollerblade Inc produced the Macro and Aeroblades models, the first skates fastened with three buckles instead of long laces that needed threading. 1990 - Lighter Skates Rollerblade Inc switched to a glass-reinforced thermoplastic resin (durethan  polyamide) for their skates, replacing the  polyurethane  compounds previously used. This decreased the average weight of skates by nearly fifty percent. 1993 - Active Brake Technology Rollerblade, Inc. developed ABT or Active Brake Technology. A fiberglass post attached at one end to the top of the boot and at the other end to a  rubber-brake,  hinged the chassis at the back wheel. The skater had to straighten one leg to stop, driving the post into the brake, which then hit the ground. Skaters had been tilting their foot back to make contact with the ground, before ABT. The new brake design increased safety. Presently the best way for you to experience the latest inventions in the world of wheels is up-close and personal. Please do so, try in-line skating and keep rolling.

Leadership and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership and Management - Essay Example With the definition on hand, it can be inferred that there are differences and similarities present in leadership and management. Specifically, the main similarity of leadership and management is that both aim for long term positive results. With this, leaders and managers put more weight on the intangible aspect of the organization, such as the vision and mission of the organization. They also look beyond the boundaries of the organization and influence people outside and within the organization. Also, they both act as the link between the followers and the head management while both greatly depend on the followers (R.C Swansburg and R.J. Swansburg 405). On the other hand, leadership and management also exemplify differences. In the context of management, it is the execution of the ability and task of the administrator to control, coordinate, organize, and plan for the organization. Management is the ability to foresee events and plan for such events. Organization in management also means linking the structure and manpower in order to execute the plans. In addition, managers must have the intellectual capacity and principles to be objective on tasks and decisions. Therefore, management is the act of accomplishing the objectives and the goals of the organization by efficiently using the available resources. ... Influence is what drives the relationship of a leader and a follower. Also, with the influence, leaders are able to attain the trust and confidence of their followers. In addition, a leader is effective when he or she influences his or her followers to be ethical in their work and conduct within and outside the organization. For this to occur, leaders must equip their members with the direction that aims toward the goals and objectives of the organization. With the appropriate direction and influence, leaders will be able to create change for the betterment of the organization. Effective leaders are able to realize the need for change and are capable of executing the change needed. Leaders are considered as risk takers and open minded individuals who are willing to take the challenge. Moreover, in totality, leadership can be summed up to the person’s ability to lead people towards a specific goal or change. Leaders are people who are comfortable and enjoy working with follower s (Lussier and Achua 7-8). Moreover, it is vital to note that a leader is important in an organization because a leader is one of the most essential factors that lead an organization to succeed. Also, companies and organizations must mold their own leaders, and build home-grown leaders that are rooted to maneuver the organization towards success. With this on hand, leaders are very important in any industry or organization. In relation to this, it must be noted that leaders are not born or made, but leaders are born and made. It is vital to understand that effective leaders already have the innate ability to lead people; however, these abilities must be enhanced and developed in order for it to be effective. Nonetheless, this does

Differences in Management Styles between the American and the Japanese Dissertation

Differences in Management Styles between the American and the Japanese in Multinationals - Dissertation Example The emergence of Japan in the 1980s as America's foremost industrial opponent seems to have persuade a kind of moral panic in business with the Japanese cast in the role of 'folk devils'. The implicit assumption that America had the best management system in the world was now noticeably in question, and from an American perception this seemed appalling. In addition, if Japanese management was indeed effective but could not be transferred to American) firms, then the future for American business seemed miserable. The problem of learning from Japan proved, however, to be intricate, and it has raised difficult questions of fact and worth. In some points of the dispute evidence has been tough to come by whilst in others there have been sharply divergent understandings of the data. A case in peak is the impact of the Japanese system on Japanese employees. Should the Japanese worker be regarded as a devoted, protected, contented employee embraced by a humanistic organizational culture which promotes pride of work and company loyalty as Ouchi's Theory Z proposes? Or is he better seen as a gloomy robot tied to a life of unending toil by an authoritarian management system and a disciplinary set of social values that suppress individuality and bump up conformity as a supreme end, a vision characterized as Theory F = Fear?. Such queries cannot be replied by facts solely because even facts must be construed. At this spot cultural assumptions and values are likely to go into the debate so raising questio ns concerning what the facts mean. Can the Japanese management system be shifted to the United States? It looks as if it can, if only partly. The evidence so far suggests that both the advocates and the detractors of learning from Japan have clasped some portion of the truth. It has been quench agreed on all sides that the Japanese must be doing something right.

Therapeutic use of Telehealth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Therapeutic use of Telehealth - Essay Example According to the paper findings in modern day medical and scientific discovery, telehealth is a revolutionary practice that most western countries are now adopting as a major credible contribution to healthcare. Telehealth is a complex undertaking and intensive knowledge-based. The users must be competently taught to analyze the callers’ needs to prescribe accurate care, advice on self-care or propose an appropriate referral. All prescriptions decided by doctors and telenurses are entirely based on verbal communications, thus requires refined listening and communication skills.As the research discusses  the most prevalent challenge that tele-nurses face is that all their transactions are virtual and no physical encounter with their patients. The fear and anxiety experienced during this process in fear of making wrong decisions is enormous about the care expected.  Integrated telehealth care use in hospital-affiliated home health care settings for the aged with chronic illn ess and comorbid depression, can achieve reversal of disease symptoms. In a scenario of congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbid depression is common. For those who are old homebound and medically frail interventions can be instituted by installing a Telecare nurse whose primary task is to carry out a routine tele-monitoring of symptoms. Psychoeducation and controlled usual home-based care expertise is given by the telenurse.

Researching Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Researching Cancer - Essay Example The part next to the vagina is the  exocervix (or ectocervix).  The 2 main types of cells covering the cervix are  squamous  cells (on the exocervix)  and  glandular  cells (on the endocervix). The place where these 2 cell types meet is called the  transformation zone. Most cervical cancers start in the transformation zone (Cancer.org. What is Cervical Cancer, 2012). The American Cancer Society estimates that more than 12,000 women develop cervical cancer each year in the United States and about 4,200 die from it. Worldwide, it continues to be the second most common type of cancer in women (after breast cancer). Each year, about 500,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and approximately 250,000 die from it (Labtestsonline: Cervical Cancer, 2012). Most cervical cancers begin in the cells lining the cervix. These cells do not suddenly change into cancer. Instead, the normal cells of the cervix first gradually develop pre-cancerous changes that turn into cancer. Doctors use several terms to describe these pre-cancerous changes, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), and dysplasia.  There are 2 main types of cervical cancers:  squamous cell carcinoma  and  adenocarcinoma. About 80% to 90% of cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. These cancers are from the squamous cells that cover the surface of the exocervix. Under the microscope, this type of cancer is made up of cells that are like squamous cells. Squamous cell carcinomas most often begin where the exocervix joins the endocervix (Cancer.org, 2012). Most of the other cervical cancers are adenocarcinomas. Cervical adenocarcinomas seem to have becoming more common in the past 20 to 30 years. Cervical adenocarcinoma develops from the mucus-producing gland cells of the endocervix. Less commonly, cervical cancers have features of both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. These are called  adenosquamous carcinomas  or mixed carcinomas

The self-esteem movement has caused young people to overvalue their Essay

The self-esteem movement has caused young people to overvalue their actual skills and has set many of them up for disappointmen - Essay Example 1). In considering this argument, it is important to note that studies have revealed that only about 12% of fourth graders are reading at grade level; and telling young learners that they are beautiful and gifted has not necessarily translated to higher test scores or better spelling skills (Colvin, p. 1). For which reason, various scholars have emphasized that the self-esteem movement has not achieved ideal goals for the students and for the educational system in general. It has instead gone too far in crediting children and other young people with skills which would not get them through the harsh realities of life. The self-esteem movement has also created an illusion for many young learners. It has overblown their self-concept and has seemingly given them more than a healthy dose of self-esteem. In other words, the movement has given them a bloated self-concept which seems to skate closely towards egotism and self-centeredness. This may be apparent in the case of bullies who have been â€Å"discovered to highly rate themselves in their academic performance and interpersonal relationships, and typically hold unrealistically positive self-esteem† (Tseng, p. 24). College professors also note that while citing spelling and grammatical errors, their students often claim that it is just the professor’s opinion. And these professors emphasize that wrong grammar and wrong spelling is not merely an opinion – it is just really bad writing (Jayson). Moreover, in assessing the different interests and values of teenagers and young learners, a survey was able to establish that when teenagers were asked about their biggest issues to date, one of their main issues is on "whether or not to have sex" and another concern is on their "popularity" (Psychauthors, p. 4). They expressed little concern for other issues like global warming, war, or politics. As compared to their parents' generations, these teens appear to display more self-confidence and self-est eem; but these qualities have not translated to happier and healthier teens. In fact, depression among teens seems to register at higher rates now than in the 1960s or 1970s; and not to mention, the number of teens suffering from eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia, have risen to alarming rates over the years (Psychauthors, p. 4). These numbers hardly express major gains in instilling improved self-concepts for young people; and if their academic gains were to be assessed, these show hardly any improvement at all. The self-esteem movement was conceptualized in order to give young learners the psychological tools to ward off bullies and other people who may underestimate their capabilities. These goals are to be admired; however, the overall impact that the movement has had on young people cannot be considered as major gains which can be used in the outside world. In the classroom, the movement emphasized that even if children made multiple grammatical and spelling mistakes in the ir schoolwork, these should be overlooked because it might damage their self-esteem (Jayson). However, as many of these young learners enter college where the merit system is based on strict and realistic standards, they often break at the slightest

Researching Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Researching Cancer - Essay Example The part next to the vagina is the  exocervix (or ectocervix).  The 2 main types of cells covering the cervix are  squamous  cells (on the exocervix)  and  glandular  cells (on the endocervix). The place where these 2 cell types meet is called the  transformation zone. Most cervical cancers start in the transformation zone (Cancer.org. What is Cervical Cancer, 2012). The American Cancer Society estimates that more than 12,000 women develop cervical cancer each year in the United States and about 4,200 die from it. Worldwide, it continues to be the second most common type of cancer in women (after breast cancer). Each year, about 500,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and approximately 250,000 die from it (Labtestsonline: Cervical Cancer, 2012). Most cervical cancers begin in the cells lining the cervix. These cells do not suddenly change into cancer. Instead, the normal cells of the cervix first gradually develop pre-cancerous changes that turn into cancer. Doctors use several terms to describe these pre-cancerous changes, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), and dysplasia.  There are 2 main types of cervical cancers:  squamous cell carcinoma  and  adenocarcinoma. About 80% to 90% of cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. These cancers are from the squamous cells that cover the surface of the exocervix. Under the microscope, this type of cancer is made up of cells that are like squamous cells. Squamous cell carcinomas most often begin where the exocervix joins the endocervix (Cancer.org, 2012). Most of the other cervical cancers are adenocarcinomas. Cervical adenocarcinomas seem to have becoming more common in the past 20 to 30 years. Cervical adenocarcinoma develops from the mucus-producing gland cells of the endocervix. Less commonly, cervical cancers have features of both squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. These are called  adenosquamous carcinomas  or mixed carcinomas

Economic comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic comparison - Research Paper Example Immigration was totally restricted and farming was the main occupation there that time. The period of 1900 – 1910 saw a fall and increase in unemployment. The average unemployment in the period was 1406 (000s), which indicate a decrease in unemployment. The percentage of non-farm employees in the work force was on an average of 7%. The percentage of farm employees was decreased by 1910, which shows that farming activity had increased that time. According to the ‘Historical Statistics of the US 1890-1929’, the GDP in1910 was around 600 billion. From 1900 -1910 the real GDP growth increased, whereas at the beginning of 1910, the GDP recorded a straight decrease. The early 1930s was a period of great depression and the production of goods and services plunged. (Chantrill para. 1). The rate of inflation estimate provided by the US department of labor (Bureau of labor statistics) in 1910 was 3.7%, while in 1920 it was 15.6%. The Emergency Quota Act was passed in US par liament in May 1921 and this restricted free immigration into the US. Until that period immigration was on a large scale in the state. Four groups existed in the labor market in the US in the 1900-1910 era and they consisted of workers from the American federation of labor, knights of labor and the unorganized labor. These groups opposed unrestricted immigration into the US, which created less employment opportunities for the Native Americans. â€Å"Since 1900, the unemployment rate has fluctuated widely, rising during contractions and failing during expansions. During the great depression of the 1930s, the rate hiked to 25%† (McEachem 2009, p. 465). Comparison of 1910 with the Present US Economy: Today’s US economy is a very developed and established economy, even though economic recessions have caused a setback to the nation. Comparing the year 1910 with the present day, the economic development of the nation has grown by leaps and bounds. Although, the US GDP has ex perienced an uncertain trend especially during the times of economic recession, but it always shows signs of fast economic recovery. â€Å"The 1910s was a decade of great change for America. It was during this decade that the United States was first considered a world leader† (America 1910 – 1920: The End of Innocence 1910). A data chart released by Bureau of economic analysis points out that in the third quarter of 2011 the US economy showed a GDP annual increase of 2%, while in the second quarter the real GDP increase was 1.3%. Comparing the US economy of 1910-1920 with the present, it shows that the GDP rate has shown both an increasing as well as decreasing trend. The period of economic depression of 1930s witnessed a fall in GDP. Similarly the period between 1956-1960 also saw a decrease in the GDP. The 1980s also witnessed a fall in GDP. After that period the latest recession of 2007 has also brought an uncertain trend in the GDP of the US economy. World developm ents had also played a considerable influence on the US economy, especially the two world wars. Unemployment also experienced a very high increase in times, when the GDP was high. But during the periods of recession unemployment cropped up in high numbers. An increase in unemployment and an increase in inflation, especially of food products also had negative impact on the GDP of the nation. Even though there were employment opport

Treaty of Versailles essay Essay Example for Free

Treaty of Versailles essay Essay In this essay I will be analysing and concluding whether I believe that the Treaty of Versailles was the main cause of the political and economic instability in Germany between 1919 and 1923. Also I will be looking at other factors that may have caused the political and economic instability. The Treaty of Versailles (signed 28th June 1919) had huge impact on the political instability within Germany between 1919 and 1923. It consisted of 440 Articles setting out the terms for Germany to abide by. The treaty angered the German people as they felt stabbed in the back believing it to be unfair and shameful. The terms involved Germany taking the blame for the First World War and the reduction of their army which both had a political affect within the country. It humiliated the German people as they felt no blame for the war and they were very proud of their army. The anger the people felt left an opening for extremist left wing and right wing parties to gain popularity. The treaty caused a large amount of economic problems in Germany due to the harsh reparations term of  £6.6 billion which they had to repay for damages caused by the war. The German marks value was decreasing due to Germany reprinting money to keep up with payments which eventually caused hyperinflation. As the rate of money was decreasing the price for goods went up. Wages also went up but not enough to buy food, clothes etc. People with savings were hugely affected as those two became worthless. The population was starving and had to queue for food. Those who made enough to buy food could only afford no more than a loaf or two of bread. People even burnt their money just to keep warm. In 1223 the French Prime Minister decided to take action as Germany had defaulted on repayments. As the Germany army was limited there was nothing they could do, therefore The French occupied the Ruhr, one of Germany’s biggest industrial areas. The French believed the workers would carry on in order for them to gain their money. However the workers went on strike, meaning no money was being produced from what was being made at the Ruhr and even more unemployed in Germany. Other factors can be blamed for the political instability German faced between these years. The abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm was a  huge political change in Germany. Leaving Germany without its figure head meant a new government needed to be formed. The Weimar Republic was the new democratic government which signed the Weimar Constitution on the 11th of August 1919 in Weimar as Berlin was too dangerous due to revolutions. Friedrich Ebert was elected president on this date. Without the Kaiser the German people believed they were left without a strong leader. Although many welcomed the change to democracy, others believed that a military leadership was the only way to rebuild Germany after the war. Some even wanted communism, where everyone is equal with the control of a strong state. This created chaos and confusion among the whole German population. The country was not use to having a say in how the government is run and decisions that were being made which would be strange. The Weimar constitution itself caused some political problems between 1919 and 1923. The first huge problem with the constitution was Proportional representation. This meant that when Germans voted for a political party each party was then allocated seats in the Reichstag reflecting the number of people who had voted for it. It sounds fair but in fact it resulted in dozens of small parties, with no party strong enough to get a majority vote. Consequently there was no government to pass laws in the Reichstag. Weimar also caused revolutions within Germany, for example the Kapp Putsch in March of 1920. This right wing nationalist group, led by Wolfgang Kapp aimed to overthrow the government. The group consisted of members of the paramilitary Freikorps and had the support of many army officers. President Ebert wanted to disband the Freikorps, due to this the Freikorps joined forces with Wolfgang Kapp as they both wanted the same thing. Ebert was forced to leave Berlin which undermined his status and showed the Government to be weak. The only comeback Ebert had was to turn to the people and called for a General Strike. This was successful in making the Kapp putsch unsuccessful. However, despite the short period of time that Kapp had control of Berlin, the uprising made it clear that there was not universal support for the Weimar Government. Other factors can be used to explain the economical instabilities which Germany faced. For example, war costs had a large impact on the German economy. Money had to be spent on making weapons, supplying the army with what they needed, rations etc. This caused life in Germany to be very hard for civilians, food and other essentials were  limited. To conclude I believe that the Treaty of Versailles was only to blame for the economic instabilities Germany faced between the years 1919 to 1923. This is because the large reparations term of treaty which Germany had to pay. Reparations ruined the German economy and having 92 years with  £59million to pay back it shows how low their economy must have been. However the political instabilities between 1919 and 1923 that were caused I blame on the Weimar Constitution. This is due to the revolutions, extreme party votes that were gained due to unhappy people and chaos that were caused by the new government.

Malaysian Pest Analysis: Government Report

Malaysian Pest Analysis: Government Report The objectives in this section will reveal on what does the purposes of this research project served. Firstly, this project will briefly discuss about PESTE (Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technology, and Ecological) analysis on Malaysia. The discussion will go on into the literature part whereby it will firstly discuss various type of definitions of tourism. Then it will discuss about the tourism planning five approaches which will be Boosterism, Economic, Physical/Spatial, Community and Sustainable that has been utilized by Malaysia government. 1.2.1 Politic Malaya, which is now known as the peninsular Malaysia, became independent on August 31, 1957. In year 1963, Malaya merged with Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak to formed Malaysia. But after two years, Singapore has become an independent country on 9 August 1965. Now, Malaysia consists of 13 states whereby 11 of its are on Malay Peninsula and the other two, Sabah and Sarawak are on the island of Borneo. It has three federal territories which is Kuala Lumpur, Labuan island, and Putrajaya federal administrative territory. Each state has an assembly and government which are headed by a chief minister. Among 13 of these states, 9 of the states have hereditary rulers which are usually titled as sultans while the rest of the four states have appointed governors in counterpart positions. Although Malaysia is known for its strict rules but tourist who are visiting Malaysia not more than one month does not require visa from the Malaysian Immigration Department. It is also important that foreigners follow the conditions and laws of Malaysia. 1.2.2 Economy After 1957 where Malaysia became independent, the economy of the country was mainly based on rubber and tin. Since then, economy was growing and become a more industrialized market. In the 1997-1998 East Asian crises, Malaysia was one of the countries that involved in the Asian crisis but did not involve the International Monetary Fund (Sundaram, 2006). But it recovered from the recession very fast and since then, the economic was very stable with a GDP rate of RM679,687 million in year 2009 (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2010). The government has spend an amount of RM 40.1 billion in subsidizing petrol, natural gas, food and road tolls in year 2007. Malaysia also does have a lower percentage in unemployment rate which is 3.3% recorded in July 2010 and 3.1% in August 2010 (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2010). 1.2.3 Socio-cultural According to the Official Website of Department of Statistics Malaysia which was updated on 02 July 2010, it is stated that Malaysia currently has 28.25 millions people. It is well known that Malaysia is a multicultural country which consists of a mixture different ethnic which are Chinese, Indian, Malay, and also indigenous and others. Malays makes up almost half of the Malaysia and then follows by Chinese and Indian. Most of the Malays are Islam while others may belong to Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism or other/none. Malaysia was recorded an annual rate of growth of 2.0%. The official language used in Malaysia was Bahasa Melayu, then followed by other language such as Chinese which comes with various dialects, English, Tamil and others. This makes Malaysia a perfect country for tourist to visit because there will be no language barriers for them as long as they can speak either one of them. 1.2.4 Technology Malaysia has a very good national and international telephone lines. It is because Peninsular Malaysia are using microwave radio relay and it provide a good connectivity between cities. It also have two international earth stations and also two Intelsat which are located at Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Thus, tourists who are travelling to Malaysia will have no connectivity problem. By now, Malaysia has a total of nine Internet Service Provider (ISP). Some of them are P1 WIMAX, Maxis Broadband, Streamyx, Jaring, Celcom Broadband and so on. On the other hand, Malaysia also have a good range of radio and television stations. It has 19 radio stations that are owned by private sector while 34 stations are owned by government. Furthermore, Malaysia has 58 airports. 36 of them are on East Malaysia while the rest, 22 are on Peninsular Malaysia. Hence, these technologies that available in this country will definitely make life easier for tourists. 1.2.5 Ecological Malaysia is full of biodiverse range of flora and fauna which can be found around the country. It is because the tropical rainforests comprises to almost 70% of Malaysia total land area. Malaysia has been recorded that it has the worlds fifth largest of mangrove forest whereby the world largest mangrove forest area is in Sundarban, Bangladesh. Ever since Malaysia has been filled with a lot of natural resources and environment, the government has also take part in preserving the environment to prevent further damage being caused to it. The government has put a lot of effort in preserving this environment by firstly introducing the Air Pollutant Index (API). The API is an indicator of air quality and was developed based on scientific assessment to indicate in an easily understood manner (Department of Environment, 2007). Besides, the Department of Environment (DOE) also conducted the National Ambient Noise Monitoring Programme to determine the Malaysian ambience status in year 2006 (Department of Environment, 2007). For the river water quality control, the DOE has started to monitoring the river since 1978 (Department of Environment, 2007). 2. Literature Review 2.1.1 Definitions of tourism There is no single definition of tourism to which everyone adheres. Many definitions have been used over the years, some of which are universal and can be applied to any situation, while others fulfill a specific purpose (Weaver and Lawton, 2010). But a more recent definition from WTO (1991 cited in Mason, 2003, p. 5) defined tourism as the activities of a person traveling outside his or her usual environment for less than a specified period of time whose main purpose of travel is other than for exercise of an activity remunerated from the place visited. However, none of these two definitions makes any connection to the impacts of tourism whereby impacts are the key to any discussion of the planning and management of tourism (Mason 2003, p. 5). But Jafari (1981, p. 3 cited in Mason, 2003, p.5) stated that tourism is a study of man (sic) away from his usual habitat, of the industry which responds to his needs and the impacts that both he and the industry have for the socio-cultural, economic and physical environments. 2.2 Tourism Planning Approaches 2.2.1 Boosterism Boosterism has long existed ever since tourism started. Boosterism can also be defined as the act of boosting a travel destination or a city which are done usually by the people in the area affected. Hall (2000) comment that boosterism has long been the dominant tradition towards tourism since mass tourism began. Hence, sorts of effective method are being exploited in order to boost a place. A place which is full of resources such as cultural and natural can be taken as an example. Malaysia is a good set of example for cultural and nature tourism with its existing rich resources. Although boosterism has been active for a long period but it was only discovered by people when big event such as Commonwealth games and Formula 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ racing event are being held in different countries (Hall, 2000). The changes in tourist arrival and room supply by hotel can be noticed easily when these huge event are being held. It can be seen that Malaysia has been trying hard to promote the country by using different type of promotion to attract different type of tourist. For example, there is one event called Malaysia Year End Sale (YES) that is ongoing from 20 November 2010 to 2 January 2011 (Tourism Malaysia, 2010). The event purpose is to attract shopping tourist to Malaysia because at that time, all shop around Malaysia will be having alot of discount which can never be seen during other period. Another side of boosterism by Malaysia is advertising. The Minister of Tourism Malaysia has launched an advertising campaign called ZOOM! Malaysia for SMRT trains, busses, and taxis in Singapore (Tourism Malaysia, 2008). This advertising campaign specifically targets the public transport because it was popular among the locals and foreign tourists (Tourism Malaysia, 2008). From another side we can also see that Malaysia has successfully in promoting Malaysia in September 2006 whereby Tourism Malaysia has signed a  £2 million deal with Manchester United to promote Visit Malaysia Year 2007. This has also directly make Tourism Malaysia as one of the official sponsors of Manchester United Football Club (MANUTD, 2010). 2.2.2 Economic When tourism emerged as a part of economic sector in the decades following World War II, most researchers and government administrators assumed its growth to be a positive and desirable process (Lawton, 2010). Ever since then, many countries have used this as an opportunity to promote their country to other world as a tourist attraction. Countries with natural resources such as cultural and heritage area, historical place that are left behind after the impact of war will be a great benefit to the particular country in promoting tourism. Actually what can tourism contributes to a countrys economic status? The contribution can usually be measured at either a national level or at the local or regional scale. The impacts of tourism to economy are as follow: foreign exchange earnings; government revenues; generation of employment; regional development. One of the main characteristics of the economic approach is the use of marketing and promotion to attract the type of visitor who will provide the greatest economic benefit to the destination given the destinations specific tourist resources (Hall, 2000). For example, the Malaysia Year End Sale promotion that will be launching soon. Although the promotion will be all around Malaysia but it will be more focus on Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia because tourist will normally more focus in capital city. With the plenty of resources available in capital city such as high-end shopping malls, the promotion can be executed flawlessly with its aim achieved. 2.2.3 Physical/Spatial In the last decade of the twentieth century, it was noted that tourism depends ultimately upon the environment, as it is a major tourism attraction itself, or is the context in which tourism activity takes place (Holden, 2000). However, Lawton and Weaver (2010) argued that problems can occur if a destination becomes too dependent on tourism, or if the sector is controlled (or is perceived to be controlled) by outside interests. It is indeed a fact that tourism can cause both invisible and visible impacts to the environment. Therefore in order to minimise the impact that tourism can caused to the environment, Hall (2000) suggests that visitor managers should seek to manipulate travel patterns by concentrating or dispersing tourists in sensitive areas. For example, many national park limits a certain number of visitors per day to ensure minimal impact that can be caused to the area. Malaysia is indeed a most fortunate country that are blessed with a wide range of natural and cultural assets. Since it is blessed with so many assets, people who lived in the country each has their own responsibilities to take care of the environment. Therefore, the Malaysia government has come up with a campaign called 1MALAYSIA GREEN TOURISM, 1MALAYSIA CLEAN. The reason for launching this event was to built up the passion of people in keeping clean the environment, especially tourist attraction destinations. This campaign was also based on the tagline Think Tourism. Act Tourism by Minister of Tourism, YB Dato Sri Dr, Ng Yen Yen (1Malaysia Green Clean). 2.2.4 Community 2.2.5 Sustainable 2.3 The Butlers theory Time Number of tourists Exploration Involvement Development Consolidation Stagnation (Rejuvenation) (Continued stagnation) (Decline) Critical carrying capacity threshold Source: Adapted from Butler 1980. 2.3.1 Exploration An explanation from oxford dictionary described exploration as the action of searching an area for natural resources. This can also be explained as a tourist tried to explore a destination (tourist destination) for leisure or relaxation. According to Butler, the exploration stage is characterised by very small numbers of visitors who are dispersed throughout the destnation and remain for an extended period of time ( Lawton and Weaver, 2010). In brief, exploration can also be described as the pre-tourism or the starting of a tourist attraction destination where not many people are there yet and most of the people does not know about it. Visitors that went to the place will experienced the most rural kind of services whereby improvement have not been done yet. Most of the exploration usually started from urban area. Malaysia first exploration started in the 13th century when Malacca was founded by a Sumatran prince. The place later became the most influential port city in the Southeast Asia during that time. That is the place where traders from all part of the world gathered and that was the time Malaysia was exposed to other countries visitors. But after Malaysia being exposed, a lot of countries tried to conquer Malaysia due to its rich resources. After 138 years, Malaysia finally gained its independence in 1957and since then Malaysia has undergone a tremendous growth and prosperity since 1957. 2.3.2 Involvement The involvement in here means that the involvement parties which may include visitors, government, or entrepreneurs. Local entrepreneurs will begin to provide a limited amount of specialised services and facilities in response to the appearance of tourists, thereby inaugurating an incipient tourism industry (Lawton and Weaver, 2010). Specialised services such as small eating places, inn, and maybe small transportation services might also be available. With these services, visitors might also be increasing but in a slow phase because things are still undeveloped. The role of advertising will also started in this phase as it will induces a definable pattern of seasonal variation. The place will started to get mentioned in articles and brochures but the affected part are still considered a small area. Word-of-mouth start to spread in a slow manner. 2.3.3 Development 2.3.4 Consolidation 2.3.5 Stagnation 2.3.6 Rejuvenation or Decline Rejuvenation Decline 3. Methodology The method that was used in completing this assignment includes web browsing. Several web search engine are being used frequently are Google, Yahoo and Wikipedia. These web search engine are only being used as a bridge to the information that we needed. Besides, government website are also being used frequently to acquire important facts and figures about the country. Website such as Malaysia Tourism Board, Department of Statistics Malaysia, and Malaysia Government Portal are where some of the facts and figures being collected. Other than websites, the information was also collected from books that are available daily in our institute. Several books have been lent in order to complete this assignment. Books such as Tourism Management, Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships, and Tourism Impacts: Planning and Management are noticeable throughout the assignment as citations are mostly quoted from these books. E-journal has also contributed quite some figure in this assignment whereby most of them are acquire through the institute research databases which are the MDIS EBSCOhost research databases. 4. Analysis and Discussions

Free Macbeth Essays: The Murder of King Duncan :: Macbeth essays

The Murder of King Duncan in Macbeth  Ã‚      Many factors were involved in Macbeth's decision to kill King Duncan. He had pressure from his wife, he had an idea in his head, given to him by the three witches, and he was extremely ambitious. All of these factors contributed to his demise in the end and his decision to murder his king.    This whole situation comes about because of three witches who wanted to cause trouble for Macbeth. They knew all along what would happen to him in the end. Macbeth is ambitious and the witches played upon that by promising Macbeth great things, such as becoming the king of Scotland, and Thane of Cawdor. Immediately after he talks with the witches, he is by chance entitled, Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth now believes in the witches’ words and honestly believes that the crown of Scotland will fall upon him by natural means. This idea goes awry when Duncan names Malcom his heir. Macbeth then, still believing in the witches, goes on with his plan to murder Duncan.    Lady Macbeth is a very loving wife to Macbeth and she wants to do anything she can for him to achieve his goals. She just takes it a little too far, and she puts too much pressure on Macbeth to commit crimes that he is not sure he wants to do. After Macbeth sends her a letter about the witches’ premonitions, Lady Macbeth is no longer the sweet innocent lady we expect her to be. She turns into a person who is just as ambitious as her husband and she wants to do whatever it takes to help him get Duncan out of the way. She even goes to the point of calling Macbeth a coward, and mocking his bravery when he fails to complete the job. She is even willing to do it herself (plant the bloody knife with the guard). Lady Macbeth is constantly putting the pressure on Macbeth to do things that he is not sure about. She almost turns into a bully who dares Macbeth to go out and do evil things. She even says in a soliloquy that she wants to be released of all her morals and values so that she can help him commit these crimes.    Finally, we have to look at the tragic flaw of the hero himself.

Napoleon Essay -- essays research papers

Napoleon was an opportunistic leader who’s military genius was unmatched and his political prowess very solid, but his goal of overtaking Europe ended his power. Napoleon was a powerful military leader who was able to gain the respect and admiration of France through his military victories. He saw the opportunity to be the French leader and jumped at it, but his goal of a unified Europe hurt him. His ego also played a part in his fall from power in his ill-advised decision to have his brother rule Spain. Napoleon’s military power was so great that he came close to ruling Europe in its entirety before meeting the end. His rule over France was very successful and he was able to run a country very effectively. He was even able to rule over three or four countries at the same time very effect...

Before 1905 the opposition to the government of Tsar Nicholas II was of no consequence Essay

The Tsar was not in serious Jeopardy in 1905 Throughout his time as Tsar, Nicholas II was faced with constant threats due to terrorist groups such as the peoples will. Many of these groups were oppressed by ‘The reaction’ that began under the reign of Alexander III, however not all opposition was destroyed. This meant that Nicholas was in constant Jeopardy. This essay will discuss whether or not Tsar Nicholas II was truly in serious Jeopardy during the events of 1905. The Russian revolution which began in 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian empire. Factors such as industrialisation, urbanisation, bouts of economic depression and a rapidly increasing population all contributed to undermine the order and stability of the regime. In light of the opposition he received, Nicholas created a Duma as a result of the October Manifesto in order to appease the masses. Before the creation of the Duma in 1905 however, political parties were illegal in Russia because Nicholas was a strict autocrat. There were three main groups which opposed tsardom during the period 1881-1905: the Populists, the Social revolutionaries and the Social Democrats. This essay will discuss whether these three groups were of any consequence to the government of Nicholas II before 1905. Populism began in the 1870’s. It was a revolutionary movement that thought the future of Russia was in the hands of the peasantry. The Populist’s were not peasants themselves, but members of the middle and upper classes. The Populist’s began to try and teach the peasantry about how they were going to lead the revolution by beginning a scheme called â€Å"going to the people†, however this did not work as well as they thought as many of the peasants did not understand or accept the revolutionary message being preached to them. This caused, in desperation, some members of the populist’s to turn to terrorism. In 1879 members of the Populist’s broke off and formed a separate group â€Å"the peoples will† with intention of killing members of the ruling class. This group, with little over 400 members, was responsible for t he assassination of Alexander III in 1881; however this act of violence weakened, rather than strengthened the movement. The Populist’s were of little consequence for the government of Nicholas II during his reign, however by the late 19th century most other revolutionary groups were inspired by Populist theories and methods as well as their challenge to tsardom, which would have posed a problem for  Nicholas. The second group that opposed tsardom were the social revolutionaries (SR’s). The SR’s grew directly out of the Populist movement. It extended the idea of the ‘people’ beyond the peasantry, to incorporate a growing urban workforce. However, as with most revolutionary groups in Russia, The SR’s were torn apart by disagreements with themselves, and soon emerged a right and left wing element to the party. One side wanted to follow on with the violent methods of the people’s will, and the other saw revolution as their primary goal and used peaceful methods such as working with other parties in order to achieve their goals. Between the years 1901-1905 the SR’s were responsible for over 2000 assassinations, including the Tsar’s uncle, Grand Duke Sergei. This suggests that the SR’s were of some consequence for the government of Nicholas II as the assassination of Grand Duke Sergei as well as many other important people, without a ny retribution from the Tsar, would have portrayed him as weak and therefore the citizens of Russia may have lost respect for him. The final group to oppose Nicholas II’s government were the Social Democrats. The All-Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was formed in 1898. It was a Marxist party, which meant that it accepted the theories of German revolutionary Karl Marx. Marx believed history was an on-going class struggle and that two classes existed, the working class and the proletariat. Marx said that the workers were exploited by the proletariat in order to make them wealthy. They worked long hours for poor pay and would never be in a position to own anything. A deep divide soon occurred within the party however, this became known as the Bolshevik/Menshevik split. The Bolshevik’s and the Menshevik’s soon became two opposing Marxist parties. The Social Democrats, or the Bolshevik’s and Menshevik’s had little consequence for the Government of Nicholas II prior to the 1917 revolution and played a very little party in anything before 1905. In Conclusion the opposition to Nicholas II’s government prior to 1905 was of some consequence however it was not enough to instigate any major change. This lasted until 1917 when the Bolshevik’s eventually took power and turned autocratic rule into communist rule.

Is the Game Theory, the Right Game Essay

Yes, indeed the game theory is the right game. Business is not about winning and losing nor is it about how well you play the game. The essence of business success lies in making sure you’re playing the right game. The challenge for us is to make sure we’re playing the right game. There are times in our life that we think we are in the right game but suddenly we realize that it is not the game we should play. For example, the course that you choose in college, you enrolled in accounting because your parents said so or because you don’t have any choice yet but you don’t possess the passion, attitude and skills an accountant must have. That is an evidence that you are in the wrong course, the remedy is to change your course into the course you love and possess the skills and passion for. To every action, there is a reaction. You have to look forward into the game and then reason backward to figure out which of today’s actions will lead you to where you want to end up. In order to succeed we need to go beyond the threats and opportunities that might occur and what we what to become in the future but we need also to be realistic and not too imaginary. Thus, after looking forward we make the action that will lead us to where we what to be. The decisions and actions you make today will affect our future career. So make the right actions and decisions. You cannot take away from the game more than you bring to it. You cannot take away more than your added value. Don’t remove something that contribute to your strengths, keep and maintain them. The main focus is allocentrism. It is the importance of focusing on others. You have to put yourself in the shoes and even in the heads of other players. You have to ask not what other players can bring to you but what you can bring to other players. It’s changing our mind-set into other players mind-set because if you know what and how they think it’s easy for you to discern what they need and what to the betterment of the company. Successful business strategy is about actively shaping the game you play, not just playing the game you find. It’s true that we should actively shape the game we play. It means that finding a continuous improvement and not just be stagnant in where you are now. We should find a way to increase and improve to the next level as years pass by. Understanding other players can help find new strategies for changing the game or new applications of existing strategies. In changing the game we should understand the players, added value, rules, tactics and scope. There is nothing permanent in this world we should actively change into better. The world is constantly changing and we need to adapt to it for us not to be left behind. In conclusion I agree that we should be a game maker than a game taker. We should have a coopetition mind-set and to be an allocentric. I believe that in business and even in our own lives there is no end to the game of changing the game. It is always an on going process that we should adapt and be flexible to it. We should be alert and wise to make decisions and actions because our decisions and actions today will change and have an effect to our future career.

Collision Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Collision Regulations - Essay Example It Important to take into consideration that it is not the high speed that solely becomes the use of a collision or accident. Rather it is the inaccuracy vessel operators have when estimating the speed difference between the vessels that creates much problems. Significant factor to take into regard when contemplating risks and collisions attributed to the advent of an 80 know ferry in the English Channel should encompass: The operator of the vessel has many more responsibilities than speed when preventing a collision. As the term itself implies, speed is a factor associated with timings. Controlling the speed involves evaluation of right timings of actions. When a vessel has to speed up to avoid collision, it must do so immediately. Designing of the vessel's structure and capabilities to meet such situations is a prerequisite. Speed is not the only factor responsible for a maritime collision and in cases of poor visibility and lighting speed is not even a factor. Collisions normally occur during overtaking and when the vessels meet head on. Rule 13(b) of International Collision Regulations states: "A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the

Summarize Taylor article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize Taylor - Article Example of preserving some form of status quo that management is comfortable that it divests an efficient worker of his potential to produce more than what is expected of him. These attitudes become a problem since it cultivates a culture where the labor force stagnate instead of grow. Scientific management is a solution offered by Taylor where it seeks to cultivate a new form of mentality where there is a new manner of setting an equilibrium that integrates the worth of the working man with the aid of efficiency that technology can provide. He offers four principles which starts with the assimilation of new set of ideals that have worked in the past to formulate a better set of understanding that will yield improved results. The next puts focus on establishing skilled managers who will guide in the new way of administrating the principle of scientific management. Perhaps the most important of these principles is the third which is the bringing together of science and man to a common goal. The final principle is what differentiates it from all other which is the division of work which gives direct correlation to the significance of technology in improving output while keeping the working man assured of his worth in the production process

Responses to various articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Responses to various articles - Essay Example The post touches on a sensitive topic but you wrote it in a fluent way that attempts to eliminate the ambiguity. The Needle Exchange Program (NEP) can be considered as controversial in its own capacity. You conducted research on two sensitive grounds, both the HIV pandemic and the NEP, and the post is a successful blend of both. In addition, it is an indication that the research was comprehensive. The post is informative on several grounds. It touches on how the LNG Project is beneficial to the economy. Secondly, it focuses on the impact of the project on the environment. It continues to offer a debate on the pros and cons of the project between the city council and Squamish Nation. However, your opinion is not concrete as you seem to be on both sides of the divide. It is important to indicate the Federal Laws in relation to the environment and the economy to come up with a concrete opinion on whether the project is good or bad. Your post is structured in a manner that indicates both sides of the divide, both the council members and residents of the White court, have valid arguments. The post is beneficial as well as informative. It indicates the interests of different parties in relation to the standards of living presented by housing in White court. It would be important to indicate the housing regulations in your research that would mitigate the absurdity of the claims from both council members and residents. The post is educative on matters regarding housing, standards of living and the economy at large.

Deisel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Deisel - Essay Example Since Diesel lies in the luxury sector, the products and services provided to the clients in the United States are on the high-end wealth spectrum. These groups are insensitive to prices and prefer spending their income and time on clothes as well as other accessories that portray opulence as opposed to necessities. For these reasons, the prestige and luxury brands that Diesel provides its clients in the United States have attracted an unwavering and illogical loyalty from consumers (Trebay). In the United States today, the luxury scene has been influenced by a variety of factors. A mass class of rich people has developed in different regions across the country. This is due to social, economic, and technological breakthroughs. In addition, Diesel has been forced to introduce a broad range of luxury brands in the company in order to eliminate the barriers that have dominated the industry for some time. It has also provided the different groups of consumers with more choice in order to succeed in the market. Furthermore, the rapid growth being witnessed in information, digital, and communication technology has allowed Diesel to give its consumers in the U.S. more variety in terms of luxury products. In this case, the company is able to view choices as well as lower switching costs particularly in the Internet. This has made it possible for clients to be more experimental, individualistic and bold enough to combine luxury as well as high-street fashion to a single outfit (T rebay). To continue operating successfully in the United States, Diesel has manipulated its marketing mix strategies, which have allowed the company to christen its fashion brands for it to be similar to other luxury brands in the country. Furthermore, the prevalence of mass-premium brands is prevalent in best locations, such as New York. In this case, the company is now capable of acting as well as speaking as a high-end brand that has set the trend in the country. Diesel has managed

Business Research Methods & Tools Final Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Methods & Tools Final - Research Paper Example To ensure suitable standards of living, people have to engage in productive activities. Working is a daily and normal routine for any average human being who dreams of ever having a good life for his/her families. According to United States Congress House (2011), people go to different work places, working under different working conditions/environments. Do people ever look at the safeties at the work place? Do the conditions people work in appear safe to them? If not, what have they done or what are they doing to ensure a safe work place? I work in a power plant and I cannot guarantee that the working environment is entirely safe based on a number of reasons. Based on this, the immediate team was given the task of conducting a research on the safety risks on the site and pinpointed the key solutions to detected risks. This research paper is aimed at looking at the various risks that employees are exposed to in the workplaces, narrowing down the research to focus on power plant risks, exploring their possible causes and how these risks can be addressed for maximum workplace safety. To kick off the research, it was critical to put in place suitable plans to arrive at solutions to our problem. The first step was to identify the safety hazards in the organization, which involved collection of relevant data from different employees including the managerial team. This is a crucial step as it gives the different platforms on which to base the research. This was in regards to the views of the employees and the management although employees’ views are hardly similar in any organization. These facts were to help in the definition of the problem so as to start the research on how to solve the problem, and truly, they were productive (Spear 1999). Approximately 300 people globally die owing to electric faults, leaving thousands injured (Revae 2010). These faults may be minor, and in some

Designers and performers Essay Example for Free

Designers and performers Essay After deciding that we was going to focus on the musical genre in the 1920s America period, we wrote down a list of films, musicals and music that could linked to our oncoming performance. For example, Chicago, Bugsy Malone and Christina Aguileras new album. We chose the films/musicals Chicago and Bugsy Malone because they were set at the same time period as our performance and we chose Christina Aguileras new album as she has sung all her songs in the style of the 1920-30s jazz era and thought it easily fitted into the style we were trying to create. I have seen the musical Chicago on stage and on film, and even though they are both based on the same storyline, contain the same characters, music etc, they are both different with the fact one is performed on stage and the other was filmed on a set. They have both influenced us, especially the stage version where limited space is used compared to the film as they use different locations, whereas a stage is very limited where the same space has to be used to create different locations. This helped us how to use the space effectively and use to our full advantage and still make the performance effective. The music within the musical Chicago gave us ideas of what sort of music and themes to focus on and research, as we didnt want to use the exact same music as Chicago because the music is fairly popular and we didnt want the audience to compare our performance to Chicago, which is why we included a major twist within our story, so people wouldnt compare both performances. We decided to use Chicago as a source to gather information within that time period, which meant costumes, characters, setting, lighting, colours for setting and lighting and music used within the performance. Even though we werent going to use their music we needed to get an idea of what style of music to look for and include. We were able to watch what the time period back in the 1920s was really like, rather than researching on the internet and reading about it in books, even though we did get help from these sources we found by watching the film more reliable and enjoyable. We could actually see what colours were popular for costumes and lighting used. For costumes we used a lot of bright colours, a part from the male characters who just wore a black and white suit, as this went with the time period. For the woman, black and red costumes were worn as this is worn a lot in Chicago and it looked and worked with the lighting colours we wanted to include as well. We found that black and red was really popular so we decided to use this for our lighting, as well as blackouts, spot light effects and using red lighting to show what scenes are serious or for the performance scene which is quite flirtatious. These colours worked well within our performance and worked well with every scene that we included this in. We took these ideas from Chicago and linked them into our own performance. The film Bugsy Malone also gave us ideas towards our performance. The character of Bugsy helped me develop my character as Jack Murray in our performance. Bugsy Malone is set in the same time period we were setting our piece and when thinking about how to play and portray my character as Jack Murray I automatically thought of Bugsy. He influenced me by the way he acted as the character of Bugsy seemed to always be up to something behind your back and you never quite knew if he was coming or going type of character. He influenced my character in that way as Jack Murray was up to something but the audience didnt quite know what. The character of Busy also seemed to be a bit of the jack the lad sort of person and I feel that this defiantly influenced me for my character and is shown well when playing Jack Murray. The characters of Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey were influenced by the two real lives of Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey. We researched information about them both and found out that Ma Rainey use to be violent and bossy towards Bessie Smith and we created the characters from there. We found Christina Aguileras new album very relevant for our performance. Her music was inspired by the 1920-1930s style of music. We felt by using some of her music for our performance we are still including music relevant to the time period and at the same time people will recognise her music and still making our performance relevant to today. Instead of only focusing the music within our performance on Christinas music we also researched actual artists from the 1920s. We found music from famous artists such as Billy Holiday, Bessie Smith and Louis Armstrong and we actually included one of his songs for one of our performance pieces but actually sung by one of the actors instead of it being a voice over like we had done so far for our singing performances. We thought this looked better in our piece as only one verse was being sung without any music, compared to the previous performance scene where most of the song we performed we thought it looked better if the two actors didnt actually sing the song. Music can influence a scene massively and an example of this is the detective scene. As the detective is trying to find out who really murdered Bessie Smith, we included flash backs about who could of murdered her. For the first flash back we decided to include Charleston themed music as people are really familiar with this tune and by using this music it became quite comical and thought this was brilliant as the next flash back would be the complete opposite. We found it very different difficult to find music for the next flash back because even though this didnt actually happen, at this point during the story the audience are meant to think Starlet did murder Ma Rainey and the music heavily influences that. When listening to music from Chicago we found the beginning of one song that fitted into the mood we was trying to create. We only wanted to use the beginning so we repeated this tune over and over again for this certain flash back and it gave the impression that Starlet really did murder Ma Rainey because compared to the previous flash back this one was much more serious and this is what we wanted to create. A lot of multi-rolling was used in our performance and we was influenced by John Godbers work. I was influenced by his playwrights, Teechers, Bouncers and Shakers where multi-rolling is used throughout these pieces. They was so effective and cleverly done and performed, for the use of multi-rolling within our play we looked at these plays and looked at how he made it look effective. Costume is one of the main concerns when multi-rolling, if you didnt change your costume the audience would think you were still playing the character you were playing when they last saw you on stage. We made sure an obvious change was made when changing characters, if it was as simple as a coat, walking stick or a wig. An obvious change had to be done and made noticeable to the audience. Godber also made sure there was a change in voice as this would also help show the audience that the actor is now playing a different character. Multi-rolling is shown effectively throughout our piece as we used this through most of our play. Example, when I change into my character as Jack Murray I deepen my voice slightly to show I am playing a man, and the read all about it scene where everybody is involved, we change into different characters buying a newspaper in a busy street, we put on a simple piece of costume each such as a hat, coat, scarf as well as changing our voices to show we are playing different characters. All the films/ musicians/ singers/ practitioners influenced our piece in many ways that I have already discussed. The musicians and singers helped us decide what style of music to include that would make our piece a success and would link in well with our story. The films influenced the development of some of our characters such as Jack Murray, and they also influenced our costumes, in what styles to go for and colours as well. The practitioner, John Godber helped us make multi-rolling really work within our performance by reading and looking at his other work and how to make multi-rolling a success within your performance, which I think made our piece really successful. We tried to make our performance very different to ones people would had seen before so we tried not to get too heavily influenced by other playwrights, directors, films and musicals. Especially with the storyline as this is what seemed too happened at first when deciding on a storyline. Instead we were only really looking for ideas to help us on the design side of the performance, and when researching characters and music for our performance.